What is an obstetric fistula? How can it be prevented?

What is a fistula and how can it be treated?

This is an abnormal opening between your vagina, bladder, and/or rectum. It is most commonly caused by obstetric labour. On an average year, between 50,000 and 100,000 women are affected with obstetric Fistulas. More than 2 million young women in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa suffer from untreated obstetric Fistulas. In the late 1800s, fistula surgery was common in Western countries. It was often performed in special fistula hospitals. Just before 1900, the last of these hospitals closed.

Not only can obstetric fistulas have serious medical consequences but they can also cause severe psychological, economic, and social problems for women. In addition to the continuous leaking of urine, there may be foul-smelling or passing stool from the vagina. There is also the possibility of chronic pain and recurring infections. Family and friends may be disoriented by the smell of urine or feces, which can lead to the woman losing their social status and protection.

SDG3 addresses improving maternal health, but does not address obstetric fistula.

Indicator 3.1.1. The maternal mortality ratio is the ratio of pregnant women who die due to pregnancy-related causes within 42 days after giving birth to a live child.

Indicator 3.1.2 - Percentage of births attended and supervised by staff trained to provide the necessary care and advice during pregnancy, labor and postpartum; to perform deliveries on their own and to care for newborns.

Fistulae may also be unrelated to labor. Iatrogenic fistula is when the bladder is accidentally removed during a Cesarean section. However, it can also happen during unrelated surgery. Rarely, radiation to the pelvic area may also cause a fistula. Traumatic fistula may also occur as a consequence of sexual violence. This can be either the rape or pushing objects into the vagina.

It is possible to prevent obstetric fistula (and this information requires attention and frequent repetition! There are several ways to prevent obstetric fistula.

Read More: The Best Options for Fistula Treatment Fistulectomy

Delaying the first pregnancy.

The cessation of traditional harmful practices

Access to obstetric services is available promptly

What can be done to treat a fistula?

It is necessary to consider all factors in a holistic way. Access to quality maternal health care, family planning skills, skilled care at delivery, and affordable surgical treatment for fistula are all essential aspects of the treatment. Counselling is an essential part of the healing process. Around 80-95% of vaginal fistulas are reversible surgically by closing the gap between the bladder and the vagina.

A number of organizations are involved in fistula repairs, including USAID's Fistula Care Plus program. Consult the Fistula Doctor in Kolkata for more details.